13 best victorian literary criticism

Victorian literary criticism refers to the literary criticism and critical theories that emerged during the Victorian era in Britain, which roughly spans the reign of Queen Victoria from 1837 to 1901. This period was marked by significant developments in literature, culture, and criticism. Here are some key aspects of Victorian literary criticism:

1. Romanticism to Realism: The Victorian era witnessed a shift from the Romantic literary movement of the early 19th century to the Realist movement. While Romanticism celebrated emotion, nature, and the individual, Realism focused on depicting everyday life and social issues with greater accuracy.

2. Critics and Writers: Many Victorian critics were also notable writers themselves. Prominent literary figures like Matthew Arnold, John Ruskin, and Thomas Carlyle engaged in literary criticism and played a crucial role in shaping the literary landscape of the time.

3. Critical Concerns:

   • Moral and Social Critique: Victorian critics often explored moral and social issues in their literary analysis. They considered literature as a means to educate and improve society.
   • Religion: Religion and spirituality were central themes in Victorian literature and criticism. Critics examined the relationship between faith and modernity.
   • Gender Roles: Discussions of gender roles and women's rights were prominent, particularly in the latter half of the era, with figures like Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Florence Nightingale contributing to these debates.
   • Science and Progress: The Victorian era also saw advancements in science and technology, and critics grappled with the impact of these changes on literature and society.

4. John Ruskin: Ruskin was a prominent Victorian critic known for his work on art and architecture. His writings, such as "Modern Painters" and "The Stones of Venice," had a significant influence on aesthetics and cultural criticism.

5. Matthew Arnold: Arnold is famous for his essays, including "Culture and Anarchy" and "The Function of Criticism at the Present Time." He emphasized the role of literature and criticism in fostering a cultured and morally aware society.

6. Literary Magazines: Many critical discussions took place in literary magazines and journals of the time, including "The Edinburgh Review" and "The Westminster Review." These publications provided a platform for literary criticism and intellectual discourse.

7. Literary Movements: Victorian critics engaged with various literary movements, including the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, which sought to revive medieval art and themes, and the Aesthetic Movement, which emphasized beauty and art for art's sake.

8. Legacy: Victorian literary criticism laid the groundwork for modern literary criticism and theory.It contributed to the development of critical approaches that are still relevant today, such as cultural criticism, moral criticism, and gender studies.

In summary, Victorian literary criticism reflects the intellectual and cultural milieu of the Victorian era, with critics and writers engaging in discussions on literature, morality, society, and the impact of science and progress. The period produced influential critics and critical works that continue to shape the study of literature and culture.