13 best boxing mouthguards

• Nexfit Gel Frame for a better adjustment and comfort
• Advanced design for an optimal breathing during the fight
• High Density Rubber Frame for a better shock management and top protection
• Delivered with its protective case for a better hygiene
• CE Certification/Norm: SATRA M33:2011

User questions & answers

Question:	Will it fit a 11 year old
Answer:	I think it will. It's been a great mouth guard for me and has saved me multiple times from expensive dental work.
Question:	do they work with braces
Answer:	Yes, absolutely!!!! In fact, I have been a grinder my whole life and have bought and used the $450 custom made DENTIST ordered guards. They suck, are way too expensive and CANNOT compare to the Venum Challenger Mouthguard! After heating in boiling water, (just follow instructions exactly) you will be able to mold these into your exact bite. It is NOT bulky, fits really well after molding per the included instructions and LASTS UP TO SIX MONTHS. Can't beat it, the protection is %1,000 (a thousand percent) better than any custom dental mold guard I have gotten from dentists over the years... don't waste your money on the dentist version. TRUST ME, this product is awesome!! I am a very satisfied customer who has tried every product for grinding and .... THIS IS THE ONE which actually WORKS the best and is the most durable one on the market. In a year's time, I only spend $30 and go through just two of these. The alternative is $400-$450 for one lousy custom mold from dentists. done that, over it! If you read or hear a dentist say this product won't work for grinding, then you know they are full of crap because they know if we all buy this, their cash cow garbage dental guards are finished!! Even if you do not go with this, you can order a mold directly from a professional tooth guard manufacturer the dentists us and only pay $100. But don't both, VENUM is the best. @TheRealRJSmith
Question:	Can I use this as an anti grinding mouthgaurd
Answer:	I think it could be used as an anti-grind mouthguard. You mold your mouth to it when I get it so that way it's always a good fit. After you mold it it always fits perfectly and your teeth have a set place to be so I think it would stop grinding.
Question:	Does this have its own digestive system
Answer:	nope...you are going to have to use your own digestive system.

• FITS LIKE A (BOXING) GLOVE – Ill-fitting MMA equipment can leave you in pieces. Maximize protection AND comfort with your Champs MMA mouth guard boxing design that features next-gen gel that forms to you.
• DESIGNED FOR COMBAT SPORTS - Mouthpiece for jiu jitsu, muay thai, boxing, mma. Designed for combat sports
• ARMORED MOUTHGUARD FOR SPORTS - High-impact, rigid outer-layer to take even the hardest of blows
• MOUTHGUARD WITH THE BEST BITE - Soft-gel inner layer to give a comfortable extra cushion
• BEST BREATHABLE MOUTHGUARD - 3 central air holes allow for max oxygen flow for A+ performance

User questions & answers

Question:	Is the mouth guard case included with purchase
Answer:	Yes it is.
Question:	Will this fit adults
Answer:	The Ages 10 and above variation is made for adults
Question:	Does it work with braces
Answer:	Yes it does. It will mold to your braces.
Question:	This mouth guard came without directions, Can somebody please give me directions please
Answer:	Leave the tab in mouth guard and boil for no more then 90 seconds- revive and cool SLIGHTLY until you can put in mouth without burning - clamp down with your teeth molars first -hold for a few minutes- remove tab- it should be formed to your mouth - repeat if necessary!! It’s a great mouthpiece!! Good luck !!Robert

Product features

On Your Guard

When you choose Champs MMA’s sports mouth guard, you get knockout MMA equipment with knock out results. It ups defense on your teeth, lips, gums, and jaws by equipping you with a fit that dominates the competition. Champs MMA, the champion of mouth guards.

Guard Against Extra Costs

You know how raw MMA gets—the wrong hit to the face and you’re suffering from chipped, cracked, or missing teeth and worse. After getting your face fixed, you're slapped with that hard-hitting hospital bill. Help avoid trips to the doctor and dentist by limiting or eliminating serious injuries with your mouth guard for martial arts by Champs MMA.

Wash and Wear

Keeping your wrestling gear mouth guard ready to wear is simple. Just rinse it with water after every use, then keep it dust-free by storing it in your included mouth guard case.

A Guard for Almost All Ages

Unmatched tooth protection isn’t just for adults⁠—it’s for athletes of most ages. Get your guard up with Champs MMA’s boxing gear for men, women, and kids 10+! Under 10? We have a youth variation just for you!

Care for Contact Sports

No matter your preferred play, your mouthpiece boxing gear can help. Your high-contact sport just got guarded, whether you practice kickboxing, karate, BJJ, or basketball.

Product description

Multi-layer construction with aninternal shock-absorbing frame offers protection and fit that outperforms conventional mouthguards. Shock absorbing bumper deflects impact away from front teeth. Quick-release helmet tether. Works with braces.Adult size is for ages 11 and up. 12 per pack.

• SPORTS: Our sports mouth guard is suitable for all contact sports where a mouth guard is required or recommended like: football, basketball, lacrosse, hockey, MMA, boxing, jiu jitsu and much more
• COMFORT & FIT: Boil & bite fit provides a comfortable fit and can be reformed as needed
• PROTECTION: Shock absorbing front bumper protects against impact
• DENTAL GUARANTEE: $10,000 Dental Warranty for peace of mind
• BRACES COMPATIBLE: Works with braces to protect your orthodontic investment

User questions & answers

Question:	Is this a boil and bite mouth guard to conform to your teeth
Answer:	It fits much better if you do boil & bite. It's a great mouth guard. Nice protection.
Question:	Does it come with a case for the mouthguard
Answer:	Please forgive me for the late response. Unfortunately, the mouth guard didn't come with a case.
Question:	Is it good of rugby
Answer:	I have played rugby for 12 years - this is the ONLY mouthguard I like to use. I've used this exact style for 10 years. It molds well - has enough padding for absorbing contact - and most importantly I can breathe and talk while wearing it. I forget I have it in. When they stopped selling them in local sports stores and only sold bulkier Shock Doctor mouthguards, I bought 5 of these on Amazon. Can't recommend this mouthguard strongly enough...
Question:	does it come with a top and bottom, or do you have to buy it separately
Answer:	The mouthguard only comes with one piece. This is a "single" mouthguard. If you need one protects both top and bottom teeth, choose a "double" mouthguard.

Product description

Description

The Shock Doctor adult and youth Gel Max strapless mouthguard offers the protection you need for your sport. It's crafted using a heavy-duty rubber Exoskeletal Shock Frame and Gel-Fit Liner to provide maximum protection, fit and comfort. Note: Not recommended for individuals with braces

Fitting Suggestions:

Product will appear small in the package, however, follow instructions for proper fitting procedures and the mouthguard will expand and mold to your teeth/mouth.

Recommended Sports:

Football (includes detachable strap for football helmets)

Wrestling and Boxing

Baseball, Basketball, Tennis

Jiu Jitsu, Taekwondo, Karate, Judo, MMA, and other martial Arts

Roller Skating and Roller Derby

For any contact sport where a mouth piece is needed or required!

Includes:

1 Shock Doctor Gel Max Mouth Guard

• CUSTOM COMFORT & FIT - Gel-fit Liner Technology is easy to fit, our mold forms specifically to your teeth and gums, providing a comfortable fit for extended use, available in a variety of customized colors
• BREATHABLE - Integrated breathing channels make it easy to breathe while wearing the guard and maximize your performance
• PROFESSIONAL DENTAL PROTECTION - Heavy duty Exoskeletal Shock Frame provides full mouth protection during the hardest impacts, protects cheek and tongue, teeth grinding, and secures teeth in place
• DURABLE - Crafted using heavy duty material, combined in our Triple Layer Design for added protection and durability
• RECOMMENDED SPORTS - Suitable for all contact sports where a mouth guard is required or recommended including football, wrestling, boxing, and more! Includes a detachable helmet strap for football
• TO FIT THIS MOUTHGUARD YOU WILL NEED: Boiling water , Saucepan , Mirror, Slotted spoon, Cold tap water and Timer.

User questions & answers

Question:	Can I use it for basketball
Answer:	The outer composite leather surface is tear proof, sweat proof and water proof, so it can withstand normal use
Question:	Did anyone find the youth size to be very tiny? It says age 10- but it doesn't even fit over my 8 year olds teeth
Answer:	Hello- Our Padded Blocking Guard's pad is 15.7 inches in length x 5.1 inches in diameter. If you have any additional questions, please reach out to [email protected] and we are happy to assist you further.
Question:	Is the flavor strong
Answer:	Our Padded Blocking Guards are designed for sports training, designed with a high density foam core to minimize impact. Use for family squabbles should be done with caution, as well as lighthearted fun.
Question:	Can you wear this with braces
Answer:	They are water resistant, and not recommended for use where they could be submerged.

• ✅ PERFECT FIT GUARANTEE. We back ourselves. We will help you get the perfect fit or your money back!
• ✅ GREAT FIT – SAFEJAWZ offers amazing retention and a secure fit thanks to our FLUID FIT️ technology. It will fill the contours of your teeth and stay in the mouth - exactly where it’s meant to be!
• ✅ MULTIPLE FITTING ATTEMPTS – Have you ever struggled to get a tight fit? ReModel Tech lets you repeat the fitting process multiple times until you get that ideal fit.
• ✅ JAW PROTECTION – We have a pre-formed base to our mouthguards that we like to call JawSecure. This will help protect your jaw from impact whilst biting down on the guard.
• ✅ ANTI GAG! – Do mouthguards sometimes make you gag? We’ve ensured that our gum shields have an ultra-slim profile on the inside of the mouth ensuring minimum interference whilst playing sport.

User questions & answers

Question:	Can this be used as a night guard for teeth grinding
Answer:	Hi there, no these are only for used for all sporting use. Thanks
Question:	Is this protector for adults or for children? in the description it says youth (junior age 11) and in the photos adult (12+ years). i need for adult
Answer:	Hi, we have mouthguards for both adults and junior. If you are aged 12 and over then you will need the adult size, there is no difference in protection.
Question:	Is it good for braces
Answer:	Hi no this is not to be used with Braces.
Question:	do these work with braces
Answer:	Yes that is why we bought them.

Product description

CROWN FIGHTING GEAR the company that ensures that you dominate the competition. We are a company run by competitive fighters for athletes and fighters of all levels. We know how important your safety is whenever you are playing contact or combat sports. After all, there is always the risk of being hurt if you are not properly kitted out. We bring you high-quality, competition level equipment. All you have to do is wear it and protect yourself so that you can really enjoy your sport to its fullest.

• DON’T TAKE OUR WORD FOR IT - According to the AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION more than 200,000 oral injuries such as broken teeth are prevented each year by wearing a boxing mouthpiece. The National Youth Sports Foundation says that athletes that don’t wear a boxing mouthguard are 60 times more likely to sustain damage to their teeth. Protect your gums, lips, tongue, jaw and teeth with the CROWN FIGHTING GEAR mouthpiece boxing protection.
• GET STUCK INTO YOUR FAVORITE COMBAT OR CONTACT SPORT - But make sure you come out in one piece. Your fighting sport or contact sport doesn’t have to leave permanent reminders such as missing and broken teeth, of knockouts and hard hits. This super tough MMA mouth protector made of high-density EVA absorbs those hard hits from rugby and football while dispersing the damaging shockwaves and leaving you complete.
• BOIL AND BITE - Place the armored mouthguard for sports in hot water. Made from thermoplastic material, when placed in the mouth and shaped around the teeth using finger and tongue pressure, the soft gel inner layer molds into the perfect shape for you. Now you’re ready to go with a well-fitting pressure laminated mouthguard for jiu jitsu, muay thai, wrestling, fencing and other potentially dangerous sports.
• PROTECT YOUR SMILE WITH THE COMPLETE PACKAGE - From around age 10, boys, girls, men and women can enjoy the tight fit that this gum guard provides. Don’t forget to wash and dry the fighting mouth guard boxing shield after use and place it in the aerated case. On top of that we’ve provided you with a great bonus carry case for total convenience and to keep it clean in your sports bag or backpack.
• YOUR SATISFACTION GUARANTEED - Buy yours today. We know you’ll be thrilled with this purchase and the security it provides you while you enjoy your favorite sport. Crown Fighting Gear has your back always. If you’re not 100% satisfied simply return within 30 days for a full refund.

• 【HIGH QUALITY GUM SHIELD】To protect yourself while fighting or training is what matters. Only with the best protection gear a sports man is able to become the best version of himself. In boxing, MMA, football, rugby, muay thai and any other sports, FIGHTR offers you the best protection and safety.
• 【MOUTH FRIENDLY and easy to mold】Your health is really important to us, so you get only the best materials in a two layer system, so you are able to mold your mouth guard in seconds and also be protected by the outer layer from any hits.
• 【MAX. OXYGEN and highest comfort】Deep breathing, good grip and a comfortable feeling. Through the slim design, you don’t even realize that you wear a mouth guard. More endurance and focus helps you to concentrate completely on the win.
• 【HIGH HYGIENE and instructions】You receive a breathable storage box for a hygienic transport, and a easy to understand instruction in english language.
• 【LIFELONG WARRANTY】If you are not satisfied with our products, you’ll receive a replaced product or a refund instantly. Please send us a message on the order side or reply on one of our mails. We’ll help you within 24 hours, even on weekends and holiday.

User questions & answers

Question:	Fit adult
Answer:	My daughter has had hers for 5 months and they still look new. I think the one you bought was defective. The Velcro was meant to last longer. Next time, contact Amazon. They should still do a return even if the return window has closed for defective products.

Product features

FIGHTR Protect Mouth guard

- Material: EVA

- Dimensions: 8 x 7,5 x 3 cm

- Package dimension: 7,5 x 3,2 x 8,3 cm

- Net weight: 35 g

- Package weight: 40,8 g

Incl. Instructions in German and English & storage box

Safe to win - with your FIGHTR Mouth guard

• Ultra Durable – From division 1 running backs to middleweight fighters, the Rush mouth guard has proved over time that it can withstand and absorb even the most brutal of impacts. This mouthguard comes equipped with our innovative dual density frame technology as well as our enhanced airflow system. The result is an ultra-strong mid-sized mouthpiece that is made for the advanced athletes who demands professional protection.
• Protective – Our dual density frame and high impact outer shell go above industry standards to protect your lips, teeth, and jaw. The black and white rush guard is perfect for football, boxing, wrestling, kickboxing, lacrosse, brazilian jiu-jitsu (bjj), karate, muay thai, taekwondo, judo, flag football along with all other forms of martial arts and contact sports.
• Comfortable – After molding the mouthpieces, the entirely shock resistant body should lightly snap into place around your teeth and gums. This snug fit will allow ease of speech and unpaired comfort.
• Breathable – Having understood that oxygen is a key metric when it comes to high performance, we designed the rush mouthpiece with an under carriage channel system that boasts airflow and aids breathing.
• Unlimited Defective Warranty – The Nxtrnd Rush sports mouth guard comes with an unlimited defective warranty covering both guards as well as the protective case. Contact information included in packaging.

• Ultra Versatile – From division 1 quarterbacks to championship fighters, the Classic mouth guard has become many athlete’s favorite for a reason. This mouthguard merges innovative technology with the classic look and feel of your traditional mouthpiece by utilizing our signature single layer shell. The result is a thin yet protective sports mouth guards with a sleek and subtle design.
• Thin & Protective – Our thin single layer shell goes above industry standards to protect your lips, teeth, and jaw. The Classic guard is perfect for flag football, basketball, lacrosse, baseball, boxing, wrestling, kickboxing, brazilian jiu-jitsu, Karate, muay thai, taekwondo, judo, along with all other forms of martial arts and contact sports.
• Comfortable – After molding the mouthpieces, the entirely shock resistant body should lightly snap into place around your teeth and gums. This snug fit will allow ease of speech and unpaired comfort.
• Breathable – Having understood that oxygen is a key metric when it comes to high performance, we designed the Classic mouthpiece with a sleek under carriage channel system that boasts airflow and aids breathing.
• Unlimited Defective Warranty – The Nxtrnd Classic sports mouth guard comes with an unlimited defective warranty covering both guards as well as the protective case. Contact information included in packaging.

User questions & answers

Question:	Can you wear it with braces
Answer:	Yes its for anyone up from 11 years. Note that its a slim design and not that bulky as other ones - so you can breathe better while still having the best protection
Question:	From what material is the product made
Answer:	Use the shoe chart it converts for all places
Question:	Does it come with a case
Answer:	Yes.
Question:	Hello, is this mouthguard for young people, like 13 years old
Answer:	It doesn’t say where. But they are great! They are like new and my little has used them every day since i bought them

• “A BETTER BOIL & BITE” - Suitable for all sports. Most comfortable and innovative mouthguard on the market, developed using 3D Technology. 100% Made in the USA.
• BEST FIT EVER - Award-Winning “APEX Bite Pattern” that pre-indents where to bite down and ensures a precise and accurate fit.
• PROTECTION - Worn on the upper teeth. Precise fit won’t obstruct breathing or communicating.  Versatile Protection for sports like Boxing, MMA, Kickboxing, Muay Thai, Football, Hockey, Field Hockey, Rugby, etc.
• INCLUDES MOUTHGUARD CASE – Great bonus value plus, we use premium high quality dental grade materials that are BPA free, Latex free and phthalates free.
• INSTRUCTIONS - Boil, bite and wear (follow the full instructions in the package). Wearers with braces should consult their dental professional before fitting at home. (Refer to Sizing Chart Below, Medium Fits Most, Small is recommended for Ages Under 12, Large for those with a Wide-Bite)- (No Returns on Boiled/Fitted Products)

User questions & answers

Question:	Is there a size chart
Answer:	The product is made of an EVA blend. It allows the mouthguard to be flexible and stress crack resistant.
Question:	Are these okay for sparring/boxing
Answer:	Yes, all of our mouth guards come with a case.
Question:	i have a large mouth so how do i know if i'm a medium or a large? is there that much of a difference between a medium and a large
Answer:	Yes, the mouthguard can also be used as a youth mouthguard. It is made for children ages 11 and up.

Product features

GuardLab Semi-Custom Mouthguard: APEX and APEX Lite

GuardLab is a sports technology company changing the way you protect your teeth. We use 3D technology and 3D printing to create premium products that are accurate and comfortable, while being the most scientifically advanced.

At GuardLab, we pride ourselves on accuracy, precision and comfort.

Brilliant Designs and Graphics

The APEX Guard Collection features several high quality designs, from the Cosmos to Country Flags, Gold Fangs, Animal Stripes, and more.

Introducing, the APEX Bite Pattern

We studied thousands of digital scans to find the optimal shape and size of a properly fitted mouthguard. Using these findings, we created digital teeth to pre-indent each guard with a natural bite pattern.The APEX Bite Pattern was awarded in the category of innovation at ISPO2019.

Pre-Indented for a Precise Fit | Engineered using 3D Technology

The Semi-Custom APEX Guard provides an excellent fit athletes of all types, plus you have full control of the mouthguard design!

Features our pre-indented bite pattern which allows for a more precise fit. Our distinctive bite pattern is recognizable from the 3D geometric pattern found inside every APEX Guard.

APEX Guards make the perfect personalized gift for any athlete.

What makes APEX Guards better?

Every APEX Guard comes pre-indented to greatly improve fitting accuracy, giving you a head start on the fitting process & improving overall comfort.

Digital Teeth

We analyzed thousands of 3D Digital Scans and developed a set of Digital Teeth in 3 different sizes (S,M,L) to give you the best fit possible, depending on your age, dentition, and bite width.

APEX Bite Pattern: Explained

A perfect outline is pre-indented inside the guard, making the guard easier and faster to mold. When you impress your own teeth into the guard, the material molds tightly around your teeth while retaining it's overall shape.

Engineered with 3D Technology

Designed with 3D Technology to truly replicate the fit and feel of a custom guard, you can use an APEX or APEX Lite Guard for every sport. It's the perfect choice for today's modern athlete.

• Proper size: these sport mouth guards can easily mold to fit any tooth shape and mouth size, proper size for kids to use, providing a comfortable fit for extended use
• Maximum protection: the sports mouth guard can help to reduce injuries to your teeth, lips, jaw and gums in any team sports, the middle part of the force has 6 cushioning convex dots, which can release the accidental impact force, give your child the maximum protection
• Good quality: the basketball mouth guards is made of soft silicone, odorless and non-toxic, the soft material is comfortable for your kids to use, combined in our delicate crafted design for added protection and durability
• Multiple usage: the versatile mouth guard can be applied as dental night guard, athletic mouth guard and teeth whitening tray, allow you to sleep well
• Suitable occasions: the teeth armor is suitable for many sports, like football, basketball, hockey, boxing, and much more, 6 pieces sports mouth guards in different colors, enough quantity for your kids to use

User questions & answers

Question:	My son is 7 years old, will these fit him
Answer:	No, we do not recommend this model if you have braces. We have a Nxtrnd braces specific model coming out next month, please stay tuned.

Product description

This high quality mouthpiece is excellent for everyday use in the gym or competition. Mouth guard fitting instructions: 1. Bring water to boiling point. 2. Drop mouth guard in water for 10 seconds. 3. Remove mouth guard with tongs. 4. Place mouth guard immediately around upper teeth. It will be warm but will not burn. 5. Press tongue against the back of the upper teeth. 6. While holding the mouth guard in this position, suck out all the air and water until it comes to a tight fit around the upper teeth. 7. Remove from mouth and place und cold tap water. 8. If you do not get a tight fit the first time, repeat the procedure again. 2. Drop mouth guard in water for 10 seconds. 3. Remove mouth guard with tongs. 4. Place mouth guard immediately around upper teeth. It will be warm but will not burn. 5. Press tongue against the back of the upper teeth. 6. While holding the mouth guard in this position, suck out all the air and water until it comes to a tight fit around the upper teeth. 7. Remove from mouth and place und cold tap water. 8. If you do not get a tight fit the first time, repeat the procedure again.

• See boil and bite safety mouth guard easy to follow instructions for a custom fit below
• This 10 count pack of mouthpieces is ideal to have extras around the gym
• These mouthguards are perfect for boxing, MMA, Muay Thai and any number of contact sports
• Amateur and professional athletes alike should spar with proper fight gear whether in the gym or the ring
• Search Ringside Mouth Guards to find this piece in singles or 100 pack bulk buy option

User questions & answers

Question:	Are these mouth guards individually wrapped
Answer:	Yes
Question:	Are they blank
Answer:	Hi Ben, Thanks for reaching out! We recommend a medium unless you have a wider bite. The large is only slightly longer and wider. Let me know if there is anything else I can help you with!

Product description

Save your smile and protect your teeth from damage with Franklin Sports' All-Sport Mouthguards. These customizable-fit mouthguards are perfect for any athlete no matter the sport. Whether it's football, hockey, Baseball, boxing, wrestling, MMA or anything else, these mouthguards are built to keep your mouth injury free. Built from medical grade EVA material, they provide premium shock absorbing performance and unmatched durability. Plus, every athlete can customize the mouthguards to the shape of their mouth with ease. Simply place the mouthguards in boiling water for 30 seconds to soften, then run under cool water momentarily before inserting into the mouth. Bite down hard and seal your lips around the mouthguard for 30 seconds to make an imprint of your teeth. Then place it in cold water to firm into shape. Do away with the discomfort and poor fit of conventional mouthguards, and switch the fully-customizable, all-sport Franklin Sports Mouthguards today.

• PREMIUM QUALITY: Constructed from medical quality EVA polymer to provide premium shock absorbing protection and long lasting durability
• CUSTOM FIT: These mouthguards are fully customizable to provide a tight, comfortable fit for all athletes
• INCLUDES TWO MOUTH GUARDS: This set comes complete with separate mouthguards so you'll always have a spare at the ready
• ALL SPORTS: Whether you play football, hockey, Baseball, boxing, wrestling, MMA or any other sport, this mouthguard is perfect for preventing injuries to any and all athletes
• HOW TO USE: Place the mouthguard in boiling water for 30 seconds. Then, run under cool water quickly before placing in mouth. Bite down hard and seal the lips for 30 seconds to mold to your teeth. Once molded, place in cold water to firm into shape

User questions & answers

Question:	Can these be worn with braces
Answer:	Yes.
Question:	Is there a strap to connect to a helmet
Answer:	I doubt it will. My head circumference is around the same size. What happens is, the hook side of the Velcro will only adhere to a small part of the loop side that results in a lesser adhesive strength. From my experience, this causes the head gear to slip and/or come off altogether. Hope this helps.
Question:	I have a large 9yo boy. Would they work
Answer:	Hi,Thanks for checking out an item we offer within our eBay store. We appreciate having the opportunity to meet your needs. These are geared for kids ages approximately 5/6-11/12. These are adjustable so they will fit most kids. Let us know if you have any other questions. Thanks again.Larry. LNC Sports, LLC
Question:	Is a case included
Answer:	This is the smaller size but it is adjustable and will still fit your head. If this is for a kid, the larger one will fit too and can be adjusted for growth.